一、创建一个HashMap都做了哪些工作?
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
HahMap无参构造方法
- public HashMap() {
- this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
- threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
- table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];
- init();
- }
- public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
- this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
- }
最终调用的是下面的
- public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
- if (initialCapacity < 0)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
- initialCapacity);
- if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
- initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
- if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
- loadFactor);
- // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
- int capacity = 1;
- while (capacity < initialCapacity)
- capacity <<= 1;
- this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
- threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor);
- table = new Entry[capacity];
- init();
- }
可以看到HashMap的size总是2的倍数,即new HashMap(1)的最终容量是2.
Entry是什么呢?Entry就是Map中存放的key-value对,并且保存了下一个节点的引用next和key的hash值,也就实现了链表的功能。
Entry结构体:
HashMap存储结构图:
二、put(key,value)的实现
- public V put(K key, V value) {
- if (key == null)
- return putForNullKey(value);
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
- for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
- Object k;
- if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
- V oldValue = e.value;
- e.value = value;
- e.recordAccess(this);
- return oldValue;
- }
- }
- modCount++;
- addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
- return null;
- }
HashMap允许存null key值,它会把key为null放到table[0]的位置,即第一个bucket(table数组中的元素称为bucket桶)。
添加一个新元素时,先根据key值计算出hash码,根据hash码计算出所在bucket的位置i。遍历table[i]下挂的entry,如果key值存在就覆盖value,不存在就添加新的entry。
- void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
- Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
- table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
- if (size++ >= threshold)
- resize(2 * table.length);
- }
- Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
- value = v;
- next = n;
- key = k;
- hash = h;
- }
new Entry()会把当前的Entry作为新创建的Entry的下一个结点链接起来。
addEntry方法中判断容量是否超过阈值,若超过会扩容到原来的2倍大小。
- void resize(int newCapacity) {
- Entry[] oldTable = table;
- int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
- if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
- threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
- return;
- }
- Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
- transfer(newTable);
- table = newTable;
- threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
- }
扩容之后把原来的元素转移过来,重新hash,重新分配bucket位置,同一个bucket链接的entry会倒序链接起来。
- void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
- Entry[] src = table;
- int newCapacity = newTable.length;
- for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
- Entry<K,V> e = src[j];
- if (e != null) {
- src[j] = null;
- do {
- Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
- int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
- e.next = newTable[i];
- newTable[i] = e;
- e = next;
- } while (e != null);
- }
- }
- }
三、get(key)的实现
get就比较简单,按照hash码找到对应的bucket,遍历挂载的entry,若key值相同就返回对应的value,若找不到就返回null。
- public V get(Object key) {
- if (key == null)
- return getForNullKey();
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
- e != null;
- e = e.next) {
- Object k;
- if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))
- return e.value;
- }
- return null;
- }
四、hash冲突处理方法
1、开放地址法
2、链地址法
HashMap处理hash冲突采用的链地址法